PIER: cyber-resilient risk assessment model for connected and autonomous vehicles

Abstract As more vehicles are being connected to the Internet and equipped with autonomous driving features, robust safety security measures required for (CAVs). Therefore, threat analysis risk assessment essential prepare against cybersecurity risks CAVs. Although prior studies have measured possibility of attack damage from as indices, they not analyzed expanding surface or indices that rely upon real-time resilience. This study proposes PIER method evaluate We implemented cyber resilience CAVs by presenting new criteria, such exposure recovery, in addition probability impact, vehicles. To verify its effectiveness, was evaluated respect software update over-the-air collision avoidance features. Furthermore, we found implementing requirements mitigate serious successfully diminishes indices. Using matrix, can shorten determination time through high-risk coverage a simple process.